The answer really depends on your requirements. Do you want to use traditional Standard C Library functions like fopen()? new-style C++ I/O classes and templates? the native Win32 API functions for file I/O? Or, are you free to choose your own library?
If you're free to choose your own library, the closest equivalent for Java's InputStream is provided by NewJ Library for C++. With NewJ, if you want a 100% native C++ equivalent the answer is ::java::io::InputStream. On the other hand, if you need to interoperate with and read from the JRE-created object instance of InputStream, the answer is ::newjni::java::io::InputStream. It's that simple.
NewJ Library is available from
http://www.pure-native.com/newj.html If you need to use the other aforementioned libraries, you might want to see the following two books:
C++ For Java Programmers
C# for Java Programmers (Microsoft Press)