This is a
namespace declaration. The namespace URI, which is the important piece of information, is "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/". Programs which process XML documents which include elements or attributes in this namespace may do some specific processing on those elements or attributes.
You can tell that it's a namespace declaration, and not an attribute, because it starts with "xmlns:".
The "SOAP-ENV" part of that declaration is the namespace prefix. It means that in this particular document any element or attribute whose name is prefixed by "SOAP-ENV:" belongs to the "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" namespace. It's an arbitrary series of characters which only applies in the current document, and any other name could have been chosen. There is no significance in this series of characters apart from identifying the namespace which a name belongs to.
By now
you should realize that this is an attribute which belongs to the "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" namespace. Its name is "encodingStyle" and its value is "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/". As you know, attribute values are always
string data. There is nothing which prohibits this string data from appearing to be a URI.