XML Base16, Base 32 AND Base64 encoding difference

[Pawanpreet Singh]

Hi Everybody,
I am going to user C - Xml parsing (SAX parsing). Now there is one thing we mention during very start of xml document
<%?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"%>
I just want to know what is meaning of encoding attribute value
like UTF-8/UTF-16 and is there any parser validation on this encoding technique. I just know that these are encoding techniques.

Also let me know that is there any relation in UTF-8/UTF-16 and Base16, Base32 and Base64 encoding.

Please provide me help in detail or you can also tell me some simple and easy tutorials for this.

Sincerely,
Pawan