A POSITIVE NUMBER LEFT SHIFTED RESULTS IN THE NUMBER MULTIPLIED BY 2 TO THE POWER OF NUMBER OF BITS SHIFTED. SIMILARLY A NEGATIVE NUMBER RIGHT SHIFTED RESULTS IN THE NUMBER DIVIDED BY 2 TO THE POWER OF NUMBER OF BITS SHIFTED. DOES THE SAME RULES APPLY IF THE NUMBER TO BE SHIFTED IS A NEGATIVE NUMBER? DO LET ME KNOW THE RULES FOR NEGATIVE NUMBER SHIFTING DO LET ME KNOW URGENTLY AS IAM PREPARING FOR SUN EXAM? ALSO I WANT TO ASK WHETHER CONSTRUCTORS CAN THROW EXCEPTIONS THANKS, GAYATRI J