This is an interesting question. They didn't ask which exceptions are errors in the
java virtual machine but which exceptions are thrown by the java virtual machine.
The jvm has its own class loader for the class named in the java command and for many system classes, so some errors involving the class containing your main() method will be thrown by the jvm.
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
yes - [] operator
ClassCastException
yes - () operator
IllegalArgumentException
no
IllegalStateException no
NullPointerException
yes - . operator
NumberFormatException
no
AssertionError
yes - assert statement
ExceptionInInitializerError
yes - jvm's class loader used on class named in java command
StackOverflowError
yes
NoClassDefFoundError
yes - jvm's class loader used on class named in java command
Note: This is based on my own research. Corrections are welcome.