These aren't really part of Spring - it's really just part of the build process. So it depends on how Bamboo is building your project.
The way I've seen it done before in
ANT scripts is to have a separate property file for each different configuration, name each one for the configuration, pass the configuration name into the build script and have the specified "<configurationName>.properties" renamed to the expected "jdbc.properties".
I've also seen properties files divided into sections and all the values added into the properties file and just commenting out the unused parts (using # in front of the line) - manual process, and prone to accidentally forgetting to return the properties to previous configurations - so not recommended.
The way to do this through Maven would be to have different profiles with the different properties specified.