Hey Ninand,
The four type of drives are type1, type2, type3 and type 4..
Type 1: JDBC-ODBC Bridge plus ODBC Driver
This combination provides
JDBC access via ODBC drivers. ODBC binary code -- and in many cases, database client code -- must be loaded on each client machine that uses a JDBC-ODBC Bridge. Sun provides a JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver, which is appropriate for experimental use and for situations in which no other driver is available.
Type 2: A native API partly
Java technology-enabled driver
This type of driver converts JDBC calls into calls on the client API for Oracle, Sybase, Informix, DB2, or other DBMS. Note that, like the bridge driver, this style of driver requires that some binary code be loaded on each client machine.
Type 3: Pure Java Driver for Database Middleware
This style of driver translates JDBC calls into the middleware vendor's protocol, which is then translated to a DBMS protocol by a middleware server. The middleware provides connectivity to many different databases.
Type 4: Direct-to-Database Pure Java Driver
This style of driver converts JDBC calls into the network protocol used directly by DBMSs, allowing a direct call from the client machine to the DBMS server and providing a practical solution for intranet access.
You can find a complete explaination
here