Java has the distinction between "primitive" types and object types. Objects are of one or several types, namely of their class, all parent classes (one at a time, of course) and all implemented interfaces (and all interfaces implemented by parent classes). You can test with instanceof if a specific type is among these.
Primitive types behave completely different*. They are. Just think of a type as "how to interpret this
pattern of bits directly". You can't inspect the type of the "bit pattern", it is defined by the type of the variable. You can't just interpret the pattern as something else, even if you want to. That is why Java is static and strongly typed.
You can, of course, convert from one type to another, e.g. a char as an int (casting), which is sometimes done automatically, sometimes needed to be done specifically.
So, in short, a float variable is of type float. No chance for anything else, so no need (and possibility) to check.
* Autoboxing hides some of the distinctions.