It is bad because if you add another Animal class to the program, you have to modify the doSomething method too.
When you use
polymorphism (getting rid of using the instanceof operator) you would not have to change the doSomething method when you add another animal, and it would still work correctly.
Suppose that you have a large and complicated system and a new programmer gets assigned the task of adding a new Animal class. The new programmer could easily miss the fact that he must also change the doSomething method. Especially if this construction is used in multiple places in the software, it's hard to be sure that you've added support for the new Animal class in all places where it's necessary. So, using the instanceof approach leads to a code maintenance problem.