Well there are two types of exceptions.
The first one are the ones that are thrown by some sort of mistake in programming. Like ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException or ArithmeticException. These exceptions can be prevented by some changes in the code. These are unchecked.
The second are the ones which are related to some kind of resources used by the program like Files or Network connections. These connections are not in the control of the programmer but they are checked so that you could take some action when they occur.
The third are the one that are internal in the JVM. They are caused by some problem during the execution of the program. The are suffixed with Error instead of Exception. They are unchecked as you cannot do anything when they occur...examples are StackOverflowError, OutOfMemoryError etc..
Best of Luck for the Exam dude....