You get to be a good programmer by writing lots of programs of increasing complexity and by reading really good code. Don't forget the style rules - Java programmers consider them essential. You can find lots of help here at JavaRanch - just ask.
To make a living as a programmer, you'll want to at least learn Java through
j2ee, an
IDE like NetBeans, UML, and SQL. Check out a few job boards like monster.com for what employers are currently looking for.
Now the bad news ... the entry level job market in North America and Western Europe is thin right now. Most jobs require a few years paid experience. However, if you have the qualifications and persistence, you can find entry level positions through networking with friends, friends of friends, etc. Your library will have books on how to do this.
If you have a BS degree or better, you can also try corporate web sites for entry level jobs.
Good Luck. Programming is a great career.