Maybe I was just confused about a concept i heard , that annotations are better than xml.
Because I see validation annotations being used this days instead of validation xml.
And I see examples of using the include element in struts.xml to lessen the code.
hmm maybe I was hoping for a struts 2 conventions that would make the code more readable.
Anyway maybe it really depends on the preference.
Thanks for answering dave , maybe I should experiment on both xml and annotation as well as zero configuration to see what is more readable and maintainable .