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WHy isnt there an Output?

 
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You have created a deadlock. When you call b.start(), you essentially tell b to hold a lock on a, and then wait for the main thread to finish before it releases the lock on a. Meanwhile, the main thread sleeps for a second, and after that it asks a to do something. However, it requires a's lock, which is held by b. So it has to wait until b is done with a, while b is waiting for the main thread to finish. Deadlock.
 
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This is classic example of deadlock where lock's are shared between multiple threads in random way without a particular order and which leads to deadlock.

to read more about deadlock in java see here http://javarevisited.blogspot.com/2010/10/what-is-deadlock-in-java-how-to-fix-it.html
 
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