Hmmm, there are whole libraries of them. Many are owned by people who want to make money so you have to buy books or software or something. The most famous right now are "Unified Process" or IBM's commercial version "Rational Unified Process" and the "agile" crowd such as XP or Scrum.
A nice overview of what processes are about is Alistair Cockburn's book Agile Software Development. Scott Ambler's AgileModeling.com and EnterpriseUnifiedProcess.com have a ton of good reading, too, with links to his own books and others.
Cockburn link:
http://alistair.cockburn.us/