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C Kushtawar

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Recent posts by C Kushtawar

Struts2:Action-validation.xml
Thanks Joe.

Is it a known problem in Struts ? Answers for your suggestions and questions:

1.The range validator did not work when I changed the type to String in Action .

2.But when I added the following overloaded methods,then everything worked without exception.Strange but can't understand why is this string method being called.Are you aware of any inside details?




Regards,
Chandan
show more
11 years ago
Struts
Struts2:Action-validation.xml
Can someone please help me on this ?
Thanks.
show more
11 years ago
Struts
Struts2:Action-validation.xml
Hi,

I am using Java-Struts2 framework and I want to use validation.xml for my Action Class but I am getting into validation problems where in even after the validation fails,the action is called.
Another problem is how do i put 'required field' validation for an interger field so that along with some minimum and maximum value validation for the field "Age",I should be able to put a second validation as well that the field "Age" must not be left blank.Can anyone please guide me?

below is my Action Class (Employee.java)


Below is my Employee-validation.xml



My struts.xml is as below:



My input form is as below:




On the Age field ,if I put a string or if leave the field as blank ,the validation is shown on the form but I get the below error,so my questions are :

1.Why is the action called at all if validation is not successful ?
2.How to put multiple validations (required and value limitations on the interger field Age) at the same time.

Error:
========================

2012-11-28 15:43:33,070 WARN com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStack.warn(): Error setting expression 'age' with value '[Ljava.lang.String;@b79701'
ognl.MethodFailedException: Method "setAge" failed for object com.tutorialspoint.struts2.Employee@1a5e65f [java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.tutorialspoint.struts2.Employee.setAge([Ljava.lang.String;)]
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.callAppropriateMethod(OgnlRuntime.java:1289)
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.setMethodValue(OgnlRuntime.java:1478)
at ognl.ObjectPropertyAccessor.setPossibleProperty(ObjectPropertyAccessor.java:85)
at ognl.ObjectPropertyAccessor.setProperty(ObjectPropertyAccessor.java:162)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ObjectAccessor.setProperty(ObjectAccessor.java:27)
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.setProperty(OgnlRuntime.java:2315)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.CompoundRootAccessor.setProperty(CompoundRootAccessor.java:77)
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.setProperty(OgnlRuntime.java:2315)
at ognl.ASTProperty.setValueBody(ASTProperty.java:127)
at ognl.SimpleNode.evaluateSetValueBody(SimpleNode.java:220)
at ognl.SimpleNode.setValue(SimpleNode.java:301)
at ognl.Ognl.setValue(Ognl.java:737)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil.setValue(OgnlUtil.java:217)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStack.trySetValue(OgnlValueStack.java:186)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStack.setValue(OgnlValueStack.java:173)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStack.setParameter(OgnlValueStack.java:151)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.setParameters(ParametersInterceptor.java:317)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:228)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:236)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:190)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:90)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:243)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:100)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:141)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:145)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:171)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:176)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:192)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:187)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:54)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:511)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.doFilter(FilterDispatcher.java:432)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:293)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:859)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:602)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.tutorialspoint.struts2.Employee.setAge([Ljava.lang.String;)
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.callAppropriateMethod(OgnlRuntime.java:1230)
... 62 more
/-- Encapsulated exception ------------\
java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.tutorialspoint.struts2.Employee.setAge([Ljava.lang.String;)
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.callAppropriateMethod(OgnlRuntime.java:1230)
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.setMethodValue(OgnlRuntime.java:1478)
at ognl.ObjectPropertyAccessor.setPossibleProperty(ObjectPropertyAccessor.java:85)
at ognl.ObjectPropertyAccessor.setProperty(ObjectPropertyAccessor.java:162)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ObjectAccessor.setProperty(ObjectAccessor.java:27)
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.setProperty(OgnlRuntime.java:2315)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.CompoundRootAccessor.setProperty(CompoundRootAccessor.java:77)
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.setProperty(OgnlRuntime.java:2315)
at ognl.ASTProperty.setValueBody(ASTProperty.java:127)
at ognl.SimpleNode.evaluateSetValueBody(SimpleNode.java:220)
at ognl.SimpleNode.setValue(SimpleNode.java:301)
at ognl.Ognl.setValue(Ognl.java:737)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil.setValue(OgnlUtil.java:217)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStack.trySetValue(OgnlValueStack.java:186)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStack.setValue(OgnlValueStack.java:173)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStack.setParameter(OgnlValueStack.java:151)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.setParameters(ParametersInterceptor.java:317)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:228)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:236)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:190)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:90)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:243)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:100)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:141)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:145)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:171)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:176)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:192)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:187)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:54)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:511)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.doFilter(FilterDispatcher.java:432)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:293)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:859)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:602)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
\--------------------------------------/
2012-11-28 15:43:33,312 ERROR com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DomHelper.error(): The content of element type "field" must match "(field-validator)+". at (null:25:10)
org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: The content of element type "field" must match "(field-validator)+".
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:195)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:131)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:384)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:318)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.handleEndElement(XMLDTDValidator.java:2017)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.endElement(XMLDTDValidator.java:901)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanEndElement(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1782)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2939)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:647)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:140)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:511)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:808)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:119)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1205)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:522)
at javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser.parse(SAXParser.java:395)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DomHelper.parse(DomHelper.java:113)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultValidatorFileParser.parseActionValidatorConfigs(DefaultValidatorFileParser.java:81)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.loadFile(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:386)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.buildClassValidatorConfigs(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:271)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.buildValidatorConfigs(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:363)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.getValidators(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:94)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.validate(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:133)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.validate(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:125)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.validate(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:120)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doBeforeInvocation(ValidationInterceptor.java:222)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:263)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:68)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:138)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:236)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:236)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:190)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:90)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:243)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:100)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:141)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:145)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:171)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:176)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:192)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:187)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:54)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:511)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.doFilter(FilterDispatcher.java:432)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:293)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:859)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:602)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
2012-11-28 15:43:33,314 ERROR com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.error(): Caught exception while loading file com/tutorialspoint/struts2/Employee-validation.xml
The content of element type "field" must match "(field-validator)+". - file:///C:/Users/605170764/Documents/eclipse-jee-juno-win32/eclipse/com/tutorialspoint/struts2/Employee-validation.xml:25:10
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DomHelper.parse(DomHelper.java:115)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultValidatorFileParser.parseActionValidatorConfigs(DefaultValidatorFileParser.java:81)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.loadFile(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:386)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.buildClassValidatorConfigs(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:271)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.buildValidatorConfigs(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:363)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.getValidators(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:94)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.validate(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:133)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.validate(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:125)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager.validate(AnnotationActionValidatorManager.java:120)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doBeforeInvocation(ValidationInterceptor.java:222)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:263)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:68)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:138)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:236)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:236)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:190)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:90)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:243)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:100)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:141)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:145)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:171)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:176)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:192)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:187)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:54)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:511)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.doFilter(FilterDispatcher.java:432)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:293)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:859)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:602)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: The content of element type "field" must match "(field-validator)+".
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:195)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:131)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:384)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:318)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.handleEndElement(XMLDTDValidator.java:2017)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.endElement(XMLDTDValidator.java:901)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanEndElement(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1782)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2939)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:647)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:140)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:511)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:808)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:119)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1205)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:522)
at javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser.parse(SAXParser.java:395)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DomHelper.parse(DomHelper.java:113)
... 61 more





Regards,
CK



show more
11 years ago
Struts
Configuring First Struts Application
Hi Ankit,

Module "Null" and "NPE" are part of the same exception.I am pasting all the dumps all over again in the correct format.Also I tried SearchForm but that also did not work.Can some body please help me?

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++







++++++++++++++++web.xml++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++







++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++struts-config.xml+++++++++++++++++++++++



+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++











show more
14 years ago
Struts
Configuring First Struts Application

I have zeroed on this :


In index.jsp when I inlude the below line html:link only then the NPE Exception is thrown.Please suggest where should I look into for correcting this?


<%@ taglib uri="WEB-INF/tlds/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>

<html>
<head>
<title>ABC, Inc. Human Resources Portal</title>
</head>
<body>

<font size="+1">ABC, Inc. Human Resources Portal</font><br>
<hr width="100%" noshade="true">

• Add an Employee<br>
• <html:link forward="search">Search for Employees</html:link><br>
</body>
</html>





show more
14 years ago
Struts
Configuring First Struts Application
Hi Guys,

Any idea on this?Will be thankful to you all.

Regards,
Chandan
show more
14 years ago
Struts
Configuring First Struts Application
Hi,

I am able to get over this problem thanks to you guys but I am now encounering a new exception:

[Error]

type Exception report

message

description The server encountered an internal error () that prevented it from fulfilling this request.

exception

org.apache.jasper.JasperException: Module 'null' not found.
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:372)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:292)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:236)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:689)


root cause

java.lang.NullPointerException: Module 'null' not found.
org.apache.struts.taglib.TagUtils.getModuleConfig(TagUtils.java:755)
org.apache.struts.taglib.TagUtils.computeURLWithCharEncoding(TagUtils.java:364)
org.apache.struts.taglib.TagUtils.computeURLWithCharEncoding(TagUtils.java:285)
org.apache.struts.taglib.html.LinkTag.calculateURL(LinkTag.java:445)
org.apache.struts.taglib.html.LinkTag.doEndTag(LinkTag.java:353)
org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspx_meth_html_link_0(index_jsp.java:113)
org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspService(index_jsp.java:70)
org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:94)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:689)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:324)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:292)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:236)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:689)



[/Error]


Below is my web.xml and struts-config.xml for your reference:Please help me.

########################################################################################

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">

<web-app>

<!-- Action Servlet Configuration -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<!-- Action Servlet Mapping -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<!-- The Welcome File List -->
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

<!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors -->
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/tlds/struts-bean.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/tlds/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/tlds/struts-logic.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>

</web-app>

######################################################################################
<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">

<struts-config>

<!-- Form Beans Configuration -->
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="searchForm"
type="com.jamesholmes.minihr.SearchForm"/>
</form-beans>

<!-- Global Forwards Configuration -->
<global-forwards>
<forward name="search" path="/search.jsp"/>
</global-forwards>

<!-- Action Mappings Configuration -->
<action-mappings>
<action path="/search"
type="com.jamesholmes.minihr.SearchAction"
name="searchForm"
scope="request"
validate="true"
input="/search.jsp">
</action>
</action-mappings>

<!-- Message Resources Configuration -->
<message-resources
parameter="com.jamesholmes.minihr.ApplicationResources"/>

</struts-config>





















show more
14 years ago
Struts
Configuring First Struts Application
Hi Ankit,

I have downloaded javax.servlet-5.1.11.jar for this and put under the Tomcat/Webapps/lib directory.Still I am getting this error.
What else should I do?Any help would be appreciated.

Regards,
Chandan
show more
14 years ago
Struts
Configuring First Struts Application

Hi Everyone,

I am configuring my first struts application using struts-1.3.10 and jakarta-tomcat-5.0.28.
I am using the "MiniHR" example from the book Struts_The_Complete_Reference.I have done exactly the same thing as written in the example.
I compiled the application successfully and then created a war file and then placed under webapps directory of tomcat.Still when accessing the application,I get the following error:

[Error]

HTTP Status 500 -

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

type Exception report

message

description The server encountered an internal error () that prevented it from fulfilling this request.

exception

javax.servlet.ServletException: javax/servlet/jsp/tagext/TagExtraInfo
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:244)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)


root cause

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/tagext/TagExtraInfo
java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:621)
java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:124)
java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:260)
java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(URLClassLoader.java:56)
java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:195)
java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:188)
sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader.findClass(Launcher.java:229)
java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:307)
java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:300)
sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:252)
org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1255)
org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1189)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.TagLibraryInfoImpl.createTagInfo(TagLibraryInfoImpl.java:419)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.TagLibraryInfoImpl.parseTLD(TagLibraryInfoImpl.java:248)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.TagLibraryInfoImpl.<init>(TagLibraryInfoImpl.java:162)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parseTaglibDirective(Parser.java:418)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parseDirective(Parser.java:483)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parseElements(Parser.java:1539)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parse(Parser.java:126)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.ParserController.doParse(ParserController.java:220)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.ParserController.parse(ParserController.java:101)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.generateJava(Compiler.java:203)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:470)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:451)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:439)
org.apache.jasper.JspCompilationContext.compile(JspCompilationContext.java:511)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:295)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:292)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:236)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)



[/Error]


Please help me how to get over it.I am still to create my first struts webapplication.
show more
14 years ago
Struts
Struts basic
Please find the jsp code
=====================






Regards,
Chandan

show more
14 years ago
Struts
Struts basic
I have set up a basic struts application based on a MiniHR example from the book "Struts-The Complete Reference".
It has compiled well.But when i deploy to the Tomcat server and run url "http://localhost:8080/MiniHR/"

It throws the below error.I think there are some settings missing.can you please help me on this.Also please let me know where can i get a sample struts application with details.

[Error]
HTTP Status 500 -

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

type Exception report

message

description The server encountered an internal error () that prevented it from fulfilling this request.

exception

javax.servlet.ServletException: javax/servlet/jsp/tagext/TagExtraInfo
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:244)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)


root cause

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/tagext/TagExtraInfo
java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:621)
java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:124)
java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:260)
java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(URLClassLoader.java:56)
java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:195)
java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:188)
sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader.findClass(Launcher.java:229)
java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:307)
java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:300)
sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:252)
org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1255)
org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1189)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.TagLibraryInfoImpl.createTagInfo(TagLibraryInfoImpl.java:419)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.TagLibraryInfoImpl.parseTLD(TagLibraryInfoImpl.java:248)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.TagLibraryInfoImpl.<init>(TagLibraryInfoImpl.java:162)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parseTaglibDirective(Parser.java:418)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parseDirective(Parser.java:483)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parseElements(Parser.java:1539)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parse(Parser.java:126)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.ParserController.doParse(ParserController.java:220)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.ParserController.parse(ParserController.java:101)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.generateJava(Compiler.java:203)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:470)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:451)
org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:439)
org.apache.jasper.JspCompilationContext.compile(JspCompilationContext.java:511)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:295)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:292)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:236)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)




[/Error]
show more
14 years ago
Struts
Websites Development using
I am looking for a book which can act as a complete reference for websites development using java frameworks like struts,etc.
To be more specific the book which can guide me in making websites development easier and faster.

I hope I am more clear this time.I can very well handle jsp,servlets but nt aware how does struts,spring,hibernate make the overall websites development process easier.So i was looking for a good course material.

Regards,
Chandan
show more
14 years ago
Servlets
Websites Development using

I am comfortable with java JSP,Servlets for developing websites.But I am not aware of the latest concepts in Java which help developing websites easier.
I am looking for a very good book (both hartd copy and online)on websites development using Java and its various children.


Can somebody please help me on this?

show more
14 years ago
Servlets
certificate authentication using java
I need some help regarding how to do secured httppost for transmitting a xml file.

I am able transmit the file without using certificate options but get certificate errors.

I have got the the private key with password,Root certicate,Server certificate.Please tell me how can we use this to transmit the xml file I have.
show more
15 years ago
Web Services
Sorting order
Hi Vandlamani,


Can you make me understand the following code.Could you crosscheck my below understanding.








My understanding:

Here s1=Good
s2=Bad
s2.charAt(1)-s1.charAt(1) will return negative number then s2<s1 then the order should be Bad,Good which means words[0] Bad
but that is not the correct answer. I know I am wrong but where ;please help me clearing this concept.

Regards,
Chandan

Hi team,request to provide some response to it.
show more
15 years ago
Programmer Certification (OCPJP)