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This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp


   
   
     
     Java Programming Style Guide
   
 





3 - Coding



3.1 - Constructs to Never Use



<strong>Never Use do..while</strong>



<em>Reasoning: Consider that the programmer looking at your code is probably examining
each method starting at the top and working down. When encountering a loop, the first
thing the programmer wants to know is what terminates the loop. If you have that logic at
the bottom, it is harder to read. Further, many less experienced programmers are not
familiar with do..while, but may be required to modify your code.</em>



So rather than:










<strong>Never Use "return" in the Middle of a Method</strong>



<em>Reasoning: Using "return" in the middle of a method makes it difficult to
later break the method into smaller methods. It also forces the developer to consider more
than one exit point to a method. </em>





<strong>Never Use "continue"</strong>



<em>Reasoning: Using "continue" makes it difficult to later break the
construct into smaller constructs or methods. It also forces the developer to consider
more than one end point for a construct. </em>







<strong>Never Use "break" Other Than in a Switch Statement</strong>



<em>Reasoning: Using "break", other than for switch statement control, makes
it difficult to later break a construct into smaller constructs or methods. It also forces
the developer to consider more than one end point for a construct. </em>







3.2 - Do Not Compound Increment or Decrement Operators




Use an extra line for the increment or decrement.



Examples:






3.3 - Initialization



Try to not declare a variable until just before it is used unless it will impact the
performance of the code.



Examples:



4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp

Evil Ant Build Properties

The Problem (and intermediate solutions)

I have worked on no less than five projects where the standard, when I arrived, was to have a build.properties file
   right
   next to the build.xml file. Both go into version control. What always happens is that somebody changes a property to
   make the build work on their system. Then they check in their changes and everybody else's build breaks.



The most common first solution is to simply not check in that file. This works kinda-okay until somebody accidentally
   checks it in. Then at least one person's properties file gets wiped out and .... no backup. And if you are new to
   the
   project, you need somebody to feel sorry for you and e-mail you a copy of a properties file to get a start. Sure,
   there
   can be documentation - but I have yet to see the documentation be kept up. And I have experienced multiple projects
   where the solution was to develop to the documentation and when it doesn't work, exchange e-mail with somebody until
   the
   documentation works.



The next solution is to put build.properties into your home directory and have ant find it there. This works until
   you
   have more than one project. Then you change it to flooberproject.properties or start having properties like
   flooberproject.db.schemaname. This solves the problem of somebody accidentally checking in the properties, but
   incoming
   developers still need to depend on somebody sending them a properties file.



The next improvement is to make a conf directory within the project that is in version control. This directory
   contains lots of
   username.properties files. This solves the incoming engineer problem and brings all the pluses that come with
   version
   control, but there are a couple of minor problems introduced. One is people that have the same username. Or the same
   person (with the same username) developing from two different boxes. Another is that sometimes you have data that
   you
   are not comfortable with moving into version control (a password perhaps?).



Some Desired Goals

A) Have as few properties defined outside of build.xml as possible.




       

    I have seen projects that have hundreds of build properties defined. I'm sure when they started out they had two
           or
           three. And then there were forty. And then it just grew and grew and nobody could come up with a clear reason to
           not
           just add a few more now and then.  Here's one reason:  Anybody new coming to the project needs to understand
           these before they can configure them correctly.  It is far earier to understand eight properties than three hundred.
           I think that if any project has more than 15 properties, it should be
           considered a
           bad smell and something should be done. Maybe the project is too big and should be broken up. Maybe there are a
           lot of
           things that can be moved into build.xml - not every developer needs it to be different? Maybe some coding
           standards
           could eliminate some properties? Maybe some properties are not being used any more?



       


           The focus of this article is properties that change from developer to developer.  Once you have just a few
           properties to manage, everything else becomes much easier to solve.  I have to say that having fewer properties
           is (IMO) ten times more important than what is being covered in this article.  And it would be silly to write an
           article that simply says "use fewer properties."  I only mention it because it is such a serious problem for some
           shops and there isn't a better time/place to express it.
       





B) Try to keep as many properties as possible in version control.




       

    If the properties you are currently using are in version control, then when new people come to the project, they
           can
           look at the most recent property files that other developers are using and emulate those properties files.
           Further, if
           you make changes and those changes turn out to be poor, well you always can look up your older properties in
           version
           control!





C) Provide a mechanism for sensitive properties to not be in version control.





       

    Database passwords are an example of something that you might want to keep out of version control. But when we
           are
           talking about a development box, and the database is configured to not talk to anybody outside of the box ...
           well,
           maybe it isn't such a big deal. As long as some people can have security if they want it and some people can go
           the
           version control route if they want that.





D) Provide a mechanism to share build properties between projects.





       

    If you have really good communication between teams and within teams, you will avoid duplicated effort and use
           shared
           resources. If any one team will have, say, eight projects they are working on during a year, and some common
           property
           needs to change, it just seems wise to facilitate making the change just once and all of the projects still
           build
           properly.





E) Properties need to be self documenting.





       

    Be considerate of engineers coming to this project. Also be considerate of the other engineers on a project when
           you
           are adding properties.



       

    A doc file, a readme file or a wiki can help, but they can easily become outdated and lead to confusion.



       

    Actual, functioning properties files make for an excellent form of documentation. Using "fail unless" ant tasks
           can
           help too!





A Hybrid Solution


   This is just one humble solution. I suspect that there are many others that will work great. And I can't help but
   think that as the years pass, this solution will be enhanced.




   I'm a big fan of "do the simplest thing that could possibly work". In this case, all of the solutions
   mentioned
   earlier are simpler than what I'm about to propose. But the needs do exceed each of these solutions. So while this
   hybrid solution does add four lines to the simplest ant script, it does solve several problems. And
   when combined with making it a standard (as it now
   is for JavaRanch projects
)
   there is predictability.



The reason why I call this a hybrid is that it attempts to collect properties from any one of three places used
   in the previous solutions! Each solution has strengths and weaknesses. With all three you have all of the strengths
   and you have eliminated all of the weaknesses. I think that the optimal use of the hybrid approach is to keep as
   many properties as possible within version control (a config
   directory in the project). Keep sensitive properties in one of the user home properties files. Keep properties
   shared between
   projects in the common property file.




   Drop these ant tasks into the init of your build.xml to pull this off:




   


So when I'm working on the floober project on windoze, I can put my properties in one of these three files:




   



   And if I sometimes work from home, where my login is the same, I can define "config.filename" in build.properties in
   my home dir as, say,
   "paul_home"
   and then keep the rest of my properties in paul_home.properties in the conf directory for all projects.




   Since ant always uses the first definition of a property and ignores any attempt to change a property, you can
   declare
   some default properties in build.properties and override them with project specific properties in your home dir. You
   might be tempted to read in the config dir properties first, but that will eliminate the ability to define
   config.filename
   without adding yet another properties file.



Self Documenting Build Properties


   Old, moldy programming pearl: Debug only code. Comments lie.




   Any time you leave something to the discipline of a human, you are looking for mistakes to be made. I've worked in
   shops
   where the technique to let you know about new properties was to send you an e-mail. So the next time you do a "get
   latest"
   from version control, you need to remember to look that e-mail up again and work the new properties in and test
   to make sure you did it right. Some shops use web pages or wiki pages. Some do both e-mail and wiki. Some put
   comments in the ant files. The problem with all of these is that things change, people forget to send the info,
   look up the info, or .... well ... all sorts of common, natural human stuff. And then it takes time to resolve
   things.




   Using the approach where properties go into version control helps a lot. If your build isn't working now and the
   last
   time you got the latest code was three hours ago, then somebody checked something in within the last three hours.
   Take a look at the config directory - if there is a file there that is less than three hours old, you found your
   culprit. A diff to the last version of the file will show you new or changed properties.




   What is proposed next is a pretty significant improvement. It does depend on the developer to remember to add one
   thing
   to the ant script, so there is still a hole in this process. But if that developer can remember this one thing,
   all of the other developers don't need to be as disciplined.




   For every property that needs to be defined by a developer, use fail/unless tags. Like so:




   



   Now, every time you have a required property, add one fail/unless tag. The next time the other six people on your
   team
   tries to build, each build will fail and a message will spell out exactly what to do.




   [Bonus Trick!] Instead of using fail/unless, simply declare a property after reading in the property files.  It will
   act as a default.  If somebody wants that value to be different, they can specify what they want in one of their property files!



Beyond Ant


   Ant is a fantastic tool.  And now I'm ready for whatever is going to replace ant.  I tinkered with maven for a while
   and ended up going back to ant.  I had high hopes for gravy (groovy plus ant) and it doesn't seem to have caught on.
   As a Java programmer, I would like somebody to come up with something that lets me do loops and have a little more
   control over my build.  Something that takes into account multiple developers, code re-use, cruise control, IntelliJ,
   sub projects, common projects, and ...  properties!






4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp


     
     
     JavaRanch Project Standards
     
   
 

 
 
 

There are many ways to do things well.  And there are at least as many ways to do the same things poorly.



When many developers come together to do one project, there can be long debates on which approach
is "best" or "right".  These discussions can, in the long run, take hundreds of man hours to resolve.  For larger
organizations, multiple projects will need to integrate - different ideas of "best" can lead to more debate and
serious integration issues.



This document is a feeble attempt to outline one approach to project build issues.  Some goals of this document include:



       


               

    reduce debate time within teams and between teams



               

    provide vocabulary between developers and between teams



               

    smooth integration between components developed by different teams



               

    improve ramp time for new developers and developers that might be shifting between teams/projects



               

    ease the integration of multiple projects into a continuous integration environment



           






Standard Ant Targets

Provide description attributes for all targets that are intended to be exercised directly by the developer.  This makes only
those targets viewable under "ant -p".  Many IDE's will take advantage of this also.  Do not provide a description for
targets that are not to be exercised directly by the developer.





   
       targetrequired?possible description to be used in the target tagnotes
   

   
       buildrequiredincremental buildDefault target.  Compile production classes and build production artifacts such as jar/war/ear files.
   

   
       cleanrequireddelete the build dir
   

   
       dboptionalbuild a fresh databaseTarget exists only if there is a database for the project.  All tables are dropped and fresh tables are created.
   

   
       ffbuildrequiredforce full buildAlways depends on clean and build. Might also depend on "db" and some code generation targets.
   

   
       testrequiredcompile and run unit testsDoes not depend on build.
   

   
       vbuildrequiredverified build: compile classes, run unit tests, then finish the incremental buildCode quality can be verified before any jar/war/ear step.
   

   
       ffvbuildrequiredforce full verified build:  clean, compile classes, run unit tests, then finish the ffbuild 
   

   
       fntestoptionalcompile and run functional testsdoes not depend on test or build
   

   
       deployoptionala local deploy - to the same boxusually just a convenience for development
   








Standard Directory Structure










Standard Property Management



    1)  Have as few properties outside of build.xml as possible!



    2)  Properties are gathered with the following ant tasks:




         
         (the ability to override "config.filename" in the home directory helps to prevent name collisions)



    3) Put all properties in the config directory unless there is a powerfully compelling reason to put them in the home directory.

    4)  Use "fail unless" tasks for all properties that need to be defined outside of build.xml:




         


    5)  Have as few properties outside of build.xml as possible!  (yes!  This is the same as 1!)









Database Standards



    1)  Each developer has a database instance on their own development system.



    2)  For each table and view in the database, there is one .sql file in the src/db directory for creating that table or view.



    3)  The ant target "db" will drop all tables and views from the database and recreate a fresh instance of the database.





 



Test Standards



    1)  "ant vbuild" must successfully run from the command line before checkin.



    2)  If cruise control is not yet running for the project, "ant ffvbuild fntest" must successfully run from the command line before checkin.




4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp



<EM>Grab your marshmallows and a stick and gather 'round the campfire for some Java stories. The Ranch writers won't be winnin' any literary prizes, that's fer sure. But      ya still might learn a thing or two.</EM>



Getting in Touch with your Inner Class

A bittersweet, yet ultimately uplifting story.

Rating: INTERMEDIATE

Prerequisites: Understand Classes, Objects, Static vs. Instance members



Evil Unit Testing

Everybody goes on and on about unit tests.  Sure, sure, sure, it is all well and good until it starts to SCREW UP EVERYTHING!  A few minutes with this article will make everything right as rain.

Rating: INTERMEDIATE

Prerequisites: having written a few small programs.



Cup Size

A tale of Java variables

Rating: VERY BEGINNER

Prerequisites: a pulse



Pass-by-Value Please

Cup Size.. the story continues

Rating: BEGINNER

Prerequisite:Cup Size



How my Dog learned Polymorphism

You too can learn one of the most powerful concepts in all of OOP-land.

Rating: BEGINNER++

Prerequisite: Understand Classes, Objects and References



Better Enterprise/Network Monitoring with Component Diagnostics

When Captain Picard asks for a Level 3 diagnostic, what, exactly, does that mean? If your component goes stupid, do you want to fix it before your boss finds out?  The alternative might be users calling customer service, calling the veep who calls your boss who ... well .... you get the idea.

Rating: INTERMEDIATE

Prerequisites: having written a server component.



Evil Ant Build Properties

So you need to check your code in, but when you do a "get latest" on version control, the build breaks.  You check with the guy that checked in the stuff that doesn't work and "well, it works for me!" -- he's checked in some environment stuff that works on his system, but not yours.  There are some solutions, but ... a lot of those solutions have worse problems!  This article explores several different lousy solutions and recommends a hybrid solution - not perfect, but a big improvement!

Rating: ADVANCED

Prerequisites: having worked in a multi developer environment.



Cat and Mouse Games with Bits

Bit manipulations in Java

Rating: BEGINNER+

Prerequisite:Cup Size



Uncle Martin's Ghost Stories

Tales of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), Rational Unified Process (RUP), and Extreme Programming (XP) from Martin Fowler.

Rating: None

Prerequisite: None

4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp

    JavaRanch Certification Info    

To pass the SCJP you must:

    1. STUDY    

You gotta read books; you gotta write some code. Give     yourself 3 months (less if you're a C++ programmer).

   

Get some examples from the CodeBarn, and stories at the Campfire.

   

The SCJP exam is now for Java2 (Java language version 1.2), but you can still take the     1.1 exam. The Java2 certification is almost identical to the Java 1.1 exam, but adds two     new objectives: Collections and GridBagLayout.

    2. PRACTICE    

with the Rule Roundup Game and then mock     exams. Find a great list o' links at Marcus Green's site.

   

Make flash cards for yourself.

   

Get your friends to quiz you.

   

Explain polymorphism to your dog.

    3. REGISTER    

(and pay around US $150). See Sun's     certification area for info on registration.

    4. Get some SLEEP    

(can't help you with that one)

    5. TAKE THE TEST    

You'll take it at an authorized examination center. They will have security to make     sure you don't take anything in, or out, and that you are the registered person (can't     send a Java Guru in to take it for you).

   

About 2 hours, 60 questions. There's plenty of time, but the questions are HARD.     Shockingly hard.

   

But not so bad if you do steps 1 and 2 and 4.

   

How do you know if you're ready?

         
  • You've been studying hard for at least 8 weeks (much more if you're also new to         programming and especially object-oriented programming).
  •      
  • You've been writing lots of code and trying things
  •      
  • You're getting 100% on Rule Roundup (and the cows aren't         distracting you any more...)
  •      
  • You're getting at LEAST 90% on both the Roberts & Heller sample questions and the         sample questions in the Boone Certification book. Visit our Readin'         at the Ranch page...
  •      
  • You can answer Sun's sample questions         perfectly (or if you do miss one, you understand exactly why)
  •      
  • You're willing to accept not passing the first time.
            Many don't.
            Most don't.
  •    
   

If you're over 29 (in human years) -- and you can trust the CowGirl on this -- reread     step 4.

4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp


   
   
     
   
   
     
   
 



 
   
<H2>Common Nits Picked In The Past</H2>

This is stuff that people have done in the past that resulted in being asked to do it over.

This is by no means a complete list, but it does show the most common problems.



The homework must exactly meet the style guidelines.



By far, the most common problem during the first pass of the first assignment is
   not following the Style Guide.



��  - spacing! - Section 1.2

��  - indentation! - Section 1.1

��  - braces! - Section 1.1

��  - case! - Sections 2.1 and 2.3

[/code]

Try to not declare a variable until just before it is used.



This isn't C.� See section 3.3 of the style guide for more info.


Try to initialize all variables when they are declared.


Again, a common problem with old C programmers.



Start loops at zero.



Start for loops at zero if you can.� This usually makes your programming life easier in
the long run.



Use a for loop any time that you know in advance how many times you are going to do a loop


And in this assignment, you know in advance that you will write the name 100 times.



If you have a lot of computations inside of your loop that always
come up with the same result, it would be wise to move that computation outside of the
loop, store it in a variable and refer to that variable inside the loop.



Double check what the class name should be for the assignment.



Use the name of the assignment (also seen in the sentence "In other words, I want to type ...")



Don't add extra stuff unless specifically mentioned ( the KISS principle ).



You can easily make this program test for a million things and the program would be two
million lines long.� But realistically, this program is for you to get a tiny amount of
exercise using loops and, for the second half, math.� You don't need to test for
multiple names, or if the name is too big.� You are the only person that will be running
the program.� If you choose to pass in bizarre data, it is okay if the program crashes.



OOP is a great thing. But that doesn't mean it's the best solution for all problems.
The important thing is good, simple, clean, readable code. In this case, adding object
stuff just complicates things.


   


   

Page maintained by
   [url=https://coderanch.com/wiki/659748/ActiveStaffMarilyn de Queiroz[/url]


   
 
4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp


   
   
     
   
   
     
   
 

Assignment Java-2 (EvenOrOdd)
Purpose:  To learn about converting a string to an int, about conditional branching, and about modulo.

 

Write a program that will read in a number from the command line and tell me if it is
 even or odd.


 

In other words, I want to type


 
 

and see


 
 

To do this, you will need to know how to:


Instructor's solution:


    22 lines



Good for you! Now that you have tied up this assignment, lasso the next one.







Page maintained by
Marilyn de Queiroz

4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp


   
   
     
     Java Programming Style Guide
   
 








2 - Formatting




2.5 - File Format

"package" (if used) must always come first.



"import"s are next.



Any non javadoc comments are next.



Any javadoc class documentation is next.



The class is last.



Only one class per file (excepting inner classes).



Example:



4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp


   
   
     
   
   
     
   
 


Assignment Java-6 (Grains)
Purpose:  To learn the boundaries of int and long (accuracy), to become more familiar
with the java libraries.


 

There once was a wise servant who saved the life of a princess. The king promised to
 pay whatever the servant could dream up. Knowing that the king loved chess, the servant
 told the king he would like to have grains of wheat. One grain on the first square of a
 chess board. Two grains on the next. Four on the third, and so on.


 

There are 64 squares on a chessboard.


 

Write a program that shows how many grains were on each square and the total number of
 grains.


 

In other words, I want to type


 
 

and see


 
 

etc.


 

To complete this assignment, you will need to find a class in the Java standard library
 that you have not used yet. The search for this class is the real meat of this assignment!


 

Java API documentation


 

Instructor's solution:


 
    35 lines


After you have tied up this assignment, lasso the next one:
 Assignment Java-7 (Sum)








Page maintained by
Marilyn de Queiroz

4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp


     
     
       
     
     
       
     
   
 
 
   
     
       Assignment Java-1a (Hundred)
       Purpose:  To learn how to follow the style guide, how to get the argument
       from the command line, how to use variables, how to concatenate strings,
       how to use a loop effectively, and how to output to the screen (standard out).


       

Write a program that will read in a name from the command line and write it out 100 times.



       

In other words, I want to type



       

         

and see


       <!-- <br />         <br />        -->
         

               
             

         

To do this, you will need to know how to:
         



       

If you have completed the first pass of the assignment, take a look at these
       'common mistakes' before you submit it.
       It might save you a lot of time.




       

Hint: Instructor's solution is 20 lines long, including 2 blank lines. **



       Assignment Java-1b (Hundred)
       Purpose: To gain a little experience with math in Java.

       

Formatting is not necessary, but modify Java-1a so words are never split up.
       Assume that the console is 80 characters wide.



       

In other words, I want to type



       

         

and see


         <!-- <br />           <br />        -->
         

               
             

       

Hint: Instructor's solution is 26 lines long, including 2 blank lines and one comment line.



       

** Your assignment will most likely not be the same size as the instructor's solution.
       This information is provided because some students have turned in assignments that are
       far more complex than required.  This information gives you an idea of how sophisticated
       your solution should be.



       

After you have tied up this assignment, lasso the next one:  


     
   
 
       



 

Page maintained by Marilyn de Queiroz


4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp


   
   
     
     Java Programming Style Guide
   
 






2 - Identifiers

All identifiers use letters ('A' through 'Z' and 'a' through 'z') and numbers ('0'
through '9') only. No underscores, dollar signs or non-ascii characters.



Hungarian Notation violates OO abstraction and is not to be used.







2.1 - Classes and Interfaces

All class and interface identifiers will use mixed case. The first letter of each word
in the name will be uppercase, including the first letter of the name. All other letters
will be in lowercase, except in the case of an acronym, which will be all upper case.



Examples:


     

    Customer

     SalesOrder

     TargetURL

     URLTarget

     








2.2 - Packages

Package names will use lower case characters only. Try to keep the length under eight
(8) characters. Multi-word package names should be avoided.



Examples:


     

    common

     core

     lang

     








2.3 - All Other Identifiers

All other identifiers, including (but not limited to) attributes, variables, methods
and parameters will use this default naming convention. This includes final identifiers
(using all upper case, as traditionally done in C, is a violation of OO abstraction). The
first letter of each word in the name will be uppercase, except for the first letter of
the name. All other letters will be in lowercase, except in the case of an embedded
acronym, which will be all uppercase. Leading acronyms are all lower case.



Examples:


     

    customer

     salesOrder

     targetURL

     urlTarget

     



4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp




Java Programming Style Guide


1 - Formatting

1.1 - Indentation


Matching braces are always in the same column as their construct.
All indenting is done with spaces, not tabs. All indents are four spaces.

Reasoning: All programs work well with spaces. Most programs will mix tabs and spaces so that some lines are indented with spaces and some with tabs. If your tabbing is set to four and you share a file with someone that has tabbing set to 8, everything comes out goofy.

Example:




All if, while and for statements must use braces even if they control just one statement.

Reasoning: Consistency is easier to read. Plus, less editing is involved if lines of code are added or removed.


4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp


   

     

Okay, saddle up folks.
     We're gonna git some real life experience writin' actual java code!
     Before you get going, you should read [url=http://javaranch.com/drive/about.jsp]about
     the cattle drive[/url]
. It explains a few things worth knowin!
</em>


     


     

Here we go!

   
 


 
   Read the Java programming tutorials, find Java programming examples and learn some Java programming basics in the cattle drive
   
 
 
   
   
     
       
         
           

         
         
         

       
       
         Get the book
         <em>Just Java 2</em>
         by Peter van der Linden.
       
     
   
 
 
   
   
   

Download the Java SE Development Kit 7
   <!-- J2SE and J2EE SDKs -->
    from Sun. If you are trying to learn Java you shouldn't use an IDE. Otherwise, you learn the IDE instead of learning Java. I generally use the JDK for all of my Java work.


   
   

It is possible that once you have installed the JDK, everything will work fine as is.
   If you are not one of the lucky ones, you may need to adjust your PATH and CLASSPATH
   environment variables. Instructions are included with the JDK and help specific to you can
   be obtained at the campfire in the Cattle Drive (java college) forum.


   
   

I put all of my stuff into a directory called java (off of my root, C:\, in Windows and
   off of my home directory in unix). On my windows machine,
   my PATH includes
   
   and
   my CLASSPATH is set to


   

   

Here is a program that you can cut and paste to make sure that you have everything set
   up correctly. Make sure you put it into a file called HelloWorld.java (case is important!
   even on Windows computers):


   
   
   

Make sure that you paste this into a text editor (like notepad) and not a word
   processor. A word processor will stick a bunch of extra formatting text into the file.


   
   

Pull up a console (DOS) or terminal window and put the HelloWorld.java file into your
   java directory. Make the java directory your current directory. Type


   
   
   
   

and press enter. Remember: case is still very important, even on Windows computers. If
   the program compiles without flaw, you will get your command prompt back. Otherwise, go to
   the Cattle Drive (java college) forum and tell us what went wrong.


   
   

To run your program, type


   
   
   
   

and press enter. You should then see "hello world!" on your screen. If you
   don't, post a message on the Cattle Drive (java college) forum.


   
 
 
 JavaRanch Cattle Drive - Java Fundamentals
 
 
 
   

Read chapters 1 and 3 in "Just Java 2".


   
   

Chapter 1 will give you a good overview of what Java is all about.
   <!--On page 3, Mr. van <br />    der Linden offers to take you on a journey to compile a sample program. That program is a <br />    little biggish for my tastes on a first whack. I suggest that you browse through that <br />    without doing the actual work.</p> <p> Stop at the part about exceptions. <br />    We'll look into that later. -->
   
   
   Chapter 3 is going to give you an idea of the nuts and bolts of Java. The chapter mentions
   "unicode" - this can be tough reading for a beginner. It also covers autoboxing and
   unboxing (new in Java 5). You don't have to memorize this stuff, just kinda browse it.
   Most of the chapter is about the different primitive types (I like to call them the
   atomic types). This is stuff you really need to be familiar with.
   You might want to read the section on Strings twice! You can just browse the sections on
   byte, short and float since you won't be using those types for a while.


   
   

After the first couple of assignments, you will want to read chapters 4, 7, and 9.


   
   

Chapter 4 will introduce you to branching constructs and how to organize your statements.
   Just browse the stuff on "do..while" and "continue" - you should know that it exists,
   but I don't want you to use it.


   
   

Chapter 7 will have a thorough introduction to identifiers, and operators.
   Make sure you thoroughly understand comments. Browse the keywords. There
   will be some discussion on classes and objects - don't get too concerned with that yet.
   We'll cover that later.


   
   

Chapter 9 talks a bit about arrays. Stop at the part about the Math package.
   We'll look into that later.


   
   

You may want to go to Style Guide before sending me your
   completed assignments.


   
   

Have you read about the Cattle Drive yet?
   Yep? Then let%27s git them dogies movin%27.


   
   Here are your assignments:
   
   Assignment Java-1 (Hundred)
   Assignment Java-2 (EvenOrOdd)
   Assignment Java-3 (Leap)
   Assignment Java-4 (Say)
   Assignment Java-5 (Times)
   Assignment Java-6 (Grains)
   Assignment Java-7 (Sum)
   Assignment Java-8 (GeekWatch)

   JavaRanch Cattle Drive - Classes and Objects

   Assignment OOP-1 (DaysOld)
   Assignment OOP-2 (NaturalLanguageMultiply)
   Assignment OOP-3 (SortNames)
   Assignment OOP-4 (Lookup)

   JavaRanch Cattle Drive - Servlets

   Assignment Servlets-1 (NowServlet)
   Assignment Servlets-2 (ReverseServlet)
   Assignment Servlets-3 (Reverse2Servlet)
   Assignment Servlets-3b
   Assignment Servlets-4a (Videos)
   Assignment Servlets-4b
   
   JavaRanch Cattle Drive - JDBC

   Assignment JDBC-1
   Assignment JDBC-2a
   Assignment JDBC-2b
   Assignment JDBC-3a
   Assignment JDBC-3b
   Assignment JDBC-4
   
 
 




Page maintained by
Marilyn de Queiroz










Playtime diversion:  Paul Wheaton, who wrote the original Java College, now dabbles in permaculture. He%27s a certified master gardener and has written articles on organic lawn care, proper use of diatomaceous earth and a new way of raising chickens.  His research into less toxic living prompted him to write about using cast iron skillets and a healthier way to control fleas in the home.



You can follow Paul%27s future work on his permaculture blog, his Missoula blog or by following his permaculture podcasts or permaculture videos.


4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp


                 
                 
                   Java Sample Code
                   


                       Yep, there's plenty o that here.
                       But before you start diggin holes all over the place we want to let you know that
                       JavaRanch isn't a script archive or code mill where ya go to grab code, fight with
                       it, and dump it into yer project without knowing what it does and how it works. Our
                       goal here is to try an guide greenhorns down the path to learnin how these darn
                       things work for themselves.
                     


                     


                     


                   
                     
                   
                   
                     


                       Most of our code is kept in the Code Barn
                       but that's not the only place where you'll find it.
                     


                     

                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                   
                   
                     


                       Every so often, when the critters don't need tending and the fishin ain't all that good,
                       we release a new edition of the
                       JavaRanch Journal.
                       They say a code sample is worth a thousand words (or was that a picture?) but that don't
                       mean that there ain't no merit in spillin a thousand words if it helps you to understand
                       what something does before givin to ya.
                     


                     

                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                   
                   
                     


                       Heck some concepts are just hard to understand, even with the code starin ya straight
                       in the face.  Sometimes it makes sense to light a fire, sit back, and have someone
                       explain it to ya in plain ol English; comparin it to simple things that ya already
                       know about.
                       So mozey on over to the Camp Fire
                       and see if it don't help to make those bits o code fall into place.
                     


                     

                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                   
                   
                     


                       Still can't find what yer lookin fer, or still don't quite understand what that piece
                       of code does?  Well then, head on over to the
                       Saloon. That place is always full of people
                       you can ask.  There're lots of code samples there as well.
                     


                     

                   
                   
                   
                     
                       


                         Shy about asking questions in a saloon? Not sure you know the best way to approach
                         folks with your question?  Well we've all been there. We even wrote a guide to
                         
                         askin questions
there.  What if the question's been asked and answered lots
                         o times aleady? When that happens, someone usually takes a little time to put a new
                         entry in our Frequently Asked
                         Questions (FAQ)
section. Go over and take a look.
                       


                     

                     
                   
                   
                   
                     
                   
                   
                     


                       Some of the folks over there like talkin so much, we gave em their own
                       Radio Show.  
                       
(sshhh, don't tell them this but... They ain't really on the radio. It's one o
                       those blog thingys but, either way, there are plenty o code samples there to
                       go along with what their talkin about)

                     


                     

                   
                   
                   
                     
                     
                     
                       


                         Now we gave you the shovel and we just told you where to start diggin but you
                         say you've got a stagecoach to catch and don't have time to dig through all
                         those pages?  Well the FAQ page and the saloon both have them new fangled
                         search tools on em so you
                         could try using them and see if it don't get ya just what you're lookin fer.
                       


                     

                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                     
                     
                       


                         Now you help yourself to as much as you like, it's all free.
                         We're just hoping you'll stick around a bit and maybe help out some of newer
                         greenhorns that might come wandering in. Now I'd love to hang around and jaw
                         with ya all day but I'm late fer my nap.
                       


                     

                     
                   
                   
                     
                       

Thanks fer stopping by.


                       

written by Ben Souther

4 years ago
This page was migrated from a javaranch.com.jsp

Jenny the db code generator

   This program reads a database and generates java source which
   provides strongly typed access to the database.


   Why was Jenny created?

   In my opinion, there are two major problems with JDBC:

   


         1) There are slight differences in SQL, drivers, app servers, database
            access, etc. that make it clear that a facade is needed.  The facade
            would provide access to the database in plain java (not SQL).  All of the
            implementation specific code is concentrated in one small area instead
            of spread out all over your application. The DBFacade class fixes this problem.



         2) For any database change, it takes a great deal of discipline to find all
            of the table names and column names used throughout your code that now
            function differently.  Even the slightest lack of discipline results in
            a bug that might not be discovered until run time.  Strong typing eliminates
            this problem. This program (Jenny) provides the strong type checking.
       



   

For each table and view in a given database, Jenny will create a java source class file.  Each of these classes will provide
   a collection of general purpose methods for working with the table/view.  They will also provide a list of all the column
   names, the table/view name and an inner class called Row that can be used to manipulate a single row in the table.



   

Many tables have a primary key that is a non-nullable integer called "tablenameID" or sometimes "ID".  If Jenny
   finds this, she will add extra methods to the generated source for working with the primary key.



   Some of my goals:

   


       
  • Simplicity:  Accessing the database needs to be as simple as possible.  I decided that this meant using
            static methods for the table level methods.  All connections, statements, result sets and all other objects
            that need closing are generally managed for you so you don't have to worry about it - thus eliminating about
            70% of the code required for typical JDBC access.



       

  • Unit Testing: I want to auto-generate a Mock class for every table class to facilitate unit testing.
            This means that I need to have something I can override.  Since static methods cannot be overridden, I need an
            inner class that the static methods use that I can override for my mock classes.  This also means that I need
            to hide all of the Row constructors so a mock object can be returned.  This allows unit testing without having
            to provide SQL in the unit tests or to have a database server running during the testing.



       

  • Flexibility:I want to be able to allow alternate connections, or to make several database calls with
            one connection, so every database access method allows me to pass in a connection object.  I also want to
            allow multiple ways to get to the same database; support multiple databases on one database server; support
            the use of multiple servers being used from one application.



       

  • Functional Testing: I want to allow for functional testing (sometimes called integration testing -
            kinda like unit testing, but with more than one class and sometimes the actual database) so I allow all
            classes to replace the connection source at the facade level.



       

  • Clear Division of Labor: I want to work with the idea that the database is managed by a DBA and business
            logic is managed by software engineers.  So fancy database stuff is done by the DBA in the database (i.e. joins
            are handled within views by the DBA).  In most big software shops, the software engineer will be accessing
            data in an existing database that is managed by a DBA that has far more experience with the database than the
            engineer.  Anything that cannot be done through the facade probably needs to be done on the database side.



       

  • Complexity Reduction:  I want to avoid having complex relationships defined in an XML
            document or embedded in the code.  Good engineering is making complicated business logic look SIMPLE!
            My experiences with object databases, object to relational mapping, CMP and similar tools is that they promise
            simplicity, but when you get right down to it, it becomes horribly complicated!



       

  • Self Discipline Not Required!  Many solutions similar to Jenny require human engineers to have the
            discipline to make sure that any changes in one place are reflected in other places.  If your table name in
            your database does not match the table name in your java code, you have a problem!  With this solution, you
            don't need that discipline.  Therefore you have more reliable code.



       



   What does Jenny do?

   Each generated class will provide some basic methods such as these:

   

   If an ID field is found, some methods like these will also be added:

   

   Every class will have an inner class called Row that can provide strong
   type checking for every field (column) as well as methods like:

   

   The strong type checking for Row is provided by getters and setters.
   Suppose you have a table called Employee.  Jenny will generate a class called
   EmployeeTable that will contain a Row class that might have the following methods:

   

   Here's a sample of a business logic method that uses a Jenny generated class:

   

   

This same code using plain JDBC could be 10 to 40 lines long depending on
   how it would be implemented.  You would need to get a connection, create a
   statement, build your sql string, exceute your statement, wade through the
   result set, and each of these things need try/catch/finally blocks!  Don't
   forget to close your connection, statement and result set!



   How do I use Jenny?

   

Download jr.jar



   

From the command line:



   

         Make sure your classpath includes jr.jar and then at the command prompt type:

         

         where db.properties is a properties file that describes how Jenny should
         find your database.  There is a sample properties file complete with in-line
         documentation inside jr.jar at /src/com/javaranch/db/jenny.properties.
       


   Tutorial on Using Jenny    |
      Jenny FAQ  

 
 

   



   

Page maintained by
     Marilyn de Queiroz

4 years ago